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Understanding HSN and SAC Codes in GST
Under the Indian Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime, accurately classifying the products and services you sell is mandatory. The government uses a standardized coding system to track trade and apply correct tax brackets.
What is an HSN Code?
HSN (Harmonized System of Nomenclature) is an internationally accepted 6-digit coding system used to classify physical goods. India adds 2 extra digits (making it an 8-digit code) for deeper classification of items. Every physical item you sell in your shop—from a bag of rice to a mobile phone—has a specific HSN code.
What is a SAC Code?
SAC (Services Accounting Code) is issued by the CBIC to classify services. If you run a repair shop, offer consulting, or provide delivery services, you will use a 6-digit SAC code on your invoice instead of an HSN code. All SAC codes in India begin with the number 99.
Are HSN Codes Mandatory on Invoices?
Yes, the CBIC has made reporting HSN codes mandatory, but the requirements depend on your Annual Aggregate Turnover (AATO):
- Turnover up to ₹5 Crores: A minimum of 4-digit HSN code is mandatory for all B2B tax invoices. It is optional for B2C (retail) invoices.
- Turnover above ₹5 Crores: A minimum of 6-digit HSN code is mandatory for all invoices, regardless of whether they are B2B or B2C.
- Export/Import: An 8-digit HSN code is strictly mandatory for all international trade documents.
What happens if I use the wrong HSN code?
Using an incorrect HSN or SAC code can lead to applying the wrong GST rate (e.g., charging 12% instead of 18%). During an audit, this is treated as tax evasion or short-payment of taxes. You may face heavy penalties under Section 125 of the CGST Act, 2017, which can amount to ₹50,000 (₹25k CGST + ₹25k SGST). Always verify your codes using a reliable GST billing software like Kosh.